Glossary
Circular Economy
An economic model where products, materials and components are kept in use as long as possible through repair, reuse, refurbishment and recycling.
Digital Product Passports are an EU policy instrument for the circular economy — by making product composition, repair information and recycling guidance machine-readable, they unlock secondhand, repair and recycling markets that today rely on guesswork.
Brands that participate actively in circular flows (authenticated resale, take-back, repair networks) keep customer relationships beyond first purchase and gain durable competitive data.
Related terms
Digital Product Passport (DPP)
A structured, digital record of a product's identity, materials, supply chain and sustainability data, accessible via a data carrier such as a QR code or NFC tag.
ESPR (Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation)
The EU regulation that introduces mandatory Digital Product Passports and stricter ecodesign requirements across nearly all physical goods sold in the EU.
Provenance
The documented origin and chain of custody of a product — where it was made, from what, by whom, and how it reached the consumer.